ROLE OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS IN EARLY DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Abstract

Molecular diagnostics has transformed the way we detect infectious diseases by providing a way to identify pathogens accurately, quickly, and sensitively. This review highlights the fundamental molecular diagnostics technologies, including perhaps the most well-known PCR, qPCR, LAMP, NGS, and CRISPR-based platforms and provide sample applications involving the detection of a variety of infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. The advantages of molecular diagnostic technologies, including early diagnosis, specificity, and suitability for point-of-care testing represent a set of tools available for physicians, and represent a considerable contribution to modern medicine. Several more recent developments such as portable diagnostic technologies, digital diagnostics, and AI data analysis are evolving formats, enabling access, and adaptability across all areas of disciplines. In the future, the role of molecular diagnostics will expand further to encompass primary roles in personalized medicine, in real-time surveillance of diseases and pandemics.