EFFECT OF SHORT INTER-PREGNANCY INTERVAL ON MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effects of short inter-pregnancy interval on maternal and fetal outcomes

METHODOLOGY

This prospective cohort investigation conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre in Karachi aims to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with short (<18 months) and standard (≥18 months) inter-pregnancy intervals (IPI). Expectant females aged 18 to 40 years, at or beyond 28 weeks of gestation, with a singleton pregnancy and a parity greater than one, will be recruited for the study. Criteria for exclusion encompass individuals with chronic health conditions, a history of pre-term deliveries, and instances of early complications. Data analysis utilizing SPSS version 26.0, employing the Chi-square statistical test with a significance threshold set at P<0.05.

RESULTS

The research investigated the ramifications of abbreviated interpregnancy intervals (IPI ≤18 months) on maternal and neonatal health outcomes among women aged 18 to 40 years. Mothers experiencing short IPI exhibited markedly elevated risks of anemia (45.2% compared to 21.4%, RR=2.111, p=0.000), pregnancy-induced hypertension (57.1% versus 43.7%, RR=1.309, p=0.032), and intrauterine growth restriction (68.3% in contrast to 33.3%, RR=2.048, p=0.000). Neonates demonstrated heightened risks of low birth weight (77% against 23%, RR=3.345, p=0.000), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (64.3% as opposed to 35.7%, RR=1.800, p=0.000), and suboptimal Apgar scores (33.3% relative to 21.4%, RR=1.556, p=0.034).

CONCLUSION

This investigation elucidates the potential hazards associated with abbreviated interpregnancy intervals (IPI ≤18 months), demonstrating a definitive association with maternal adversities such as anemia, gestational hypertension, and restricted fetal growth. Neonates resulting from these pregnancies exhibited a higher propensity for low birth weight, necessitated admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and presented with diminished Apgar scores. Proper birth spacing is crucial for maternal and fetal health. Healthcare providers should  promote a 24-month gap between pregnancies, with further research needed on its impact.